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200 Min.
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24 Lektionen
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Linux-Kommandozeile für Serverbetreiber

Für alle, die gerade einen Linux-Server übernommen haben. Keine Vorkenntnisse nötig. Lernen Sie die wenigen Befehle, die die meisten täglichen Serveraufgaben abdecken - und die Gewohnheiten, die verhindern, dass Sie etwas kaputt machen.

32 Quizfragen Lektionen und Materialien sind auf Englisch

Lesen Sie die erste Lektion

Die komplette erste Lektion, im Original. Der Rest des Kurses liest sich genauso. Das Material ist auf Englisch.

A new server greets you with a black window and a blinking cursor, and it is normal to feel that one wrong keystroke could bring it all down. The reality is friendlier: day-to-day work runs on a small, learnable set of commands, and the same handful come up over and over. See where you are, look at what is there, move, read a file, restart a service. Learn those and you can run a server; the rest is a help page away.

The mental model that unlocks Linux: everything is a file, arranged in one tree that starts at /, the root. Configuration is files, logs are files, your website is files. Once you know where things sit in the tree, you know where to look.

//etcconfiguration/varlogs and data/homeuser files
Every file on the server has an address that starts at /.

Examples use Ubuntu and Debian, the most common server distributions, but the concepts transfer to any Linux.

ShellThe program that reads each command you type and runs it. The terminal is just the window it lives in.
Root (/)The top of the single filesystem tree. Every path on the machine starts here.
Good to know

Type every command yourself on a throwaway test server. Muscle memory beats reading, and you cannot really break a box you are allowed to rebuild.

Lektion 1 von 24.

Lehrplan

  1. Connecting and finding your way

    6 Lektionen · Modultest

    1. 01The terminal is smaller than it looks
    2. 02Your first SSH connection
    3. 03The navigation trio: pwd, ls and cd
    4. 04Paths: absolute, relative and the shortcuts
    5. 05A guided tour of the filesystem
    6. 06Working faster and safer at the prompt

  2. Files, permissions and ownership

    6 Lektionen · Modultest

    1. 07Reading files: cat, less, head and tail
    2. 08The file verbs: cp, mv, mkdir and touch
    3. 09Deleting without disasters: rm
    4. 10Reading the permission string
    5. 11chmod: numeric and symbolic modes
    6. 12chown and the anatomy of permission denied

  3. Packages, services and the running machine

    6 Lektionen · Modultest

    1. 13Where software comes from: apt and dnf
    2. 14Installing, removing and staying patched
    3. 15Services and systemd: start, stop, enable
    4. 16systemctl status and applying config changes
    5. 17Processes: ps, top and htop
    6. 18Disk, memory, ports: the health check routine

  4. Logs, sudo and safe habits

    6 Lektionen · Modultest

    1. 19Where logs live: a tour of /var/log
    2. 20Following and filtering: tail -f and grep
    3. 21journalctl: logs for services
    4. 22sudo: root power, one command at a time
    5. 23Commands to read twice before Enter
    6. 24Your cheat sheet and where to go next
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